Evaluating the Syntax-Somatic Model’s Impact on Grammatical Accuracy among Learners of English as a Second Language (ESL)

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of the Syntax-Somatic Model (SSM) on grammatical accuracy among learners of English as a Second Language (ESL). It was motivated by the limitations of conventional grammar teaching methods, which often emphasize memorization and repetitive drills without sufficient learner participation or communicative engagement. The SSM, developed by the researchers, integrates syntax instruction with somatic learning activities, including gesture-supported learning, dramatization, role-play, movement-oriented grammar practice, collaborative interaction, and contextual communication. The study adopted a quasi-experimental pretest--posttest non-equivalent control group design. The population comprised adult ESL learners in selected continuing education centers in Lagos, Nigeria, and the sample consisted of 120 participants selected through purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected with the researchers' Grammatical Accuracy Achievement Test (GAAT), which was validated by experts and yielded a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.82. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANCOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that the SSM significantly improved grammatical accuracy, retention, learner participation, and communicative confidence. The study concluded that SSM is an innovative and effective framework for adult ESL grammar instruction.